Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Gambino-Shirley K[original query] |
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Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Dairy Calf Exposure, United States, 2015-2018.
Nichols M , Gollarza L , Sockett D , Aulik N , Patton E , Francois Watkins LK , Gambino-Shirley KJ , Folster JP , Chen JC , Tagg KA , Stapleton GS , Trees E , Ellison Z , Lombard J , Morningstar-Shaw B , Schlater L , Elbadawi L , Klos R . Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022 19 (3) 199-208 In August 2016, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services notified the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg infections in people who reported contact with dairy calves. Federal and state partners investigated this to identify the source and scope of the outbreak and to prevent further illnesses. Cases were defined as human Salmonella Heidelberg infection caused by a strain that had one of seven pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns or was related by whole genome sequencing (WGS), with illness onset from January 1, 2015, through July 2, 2018. Patient exposure and calf purchase information was collected and analyzed; calves were traced back from the point of purchase. Isolates obtained from animal and environmental samples collected on-farm were supplied by veterinary diagnostic laboratories and compared with patient isolates using PFGE and WGS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by standardized broth microdilution was performed. Sixty-eight patients from 17 states were identified. Forty (63%) of 64 patients noted cattle contact before illness. Thirteen (33%) of 40 patients with exposure to calves reported that calves were sick or had died. Seven individuals purchased calves from a single Wisconsin livestock market. One hundred forty cattle from 14 states were infected with the outbreak strain. WGS indicated that human, cattle, and environmental isolates from the livestock market were genetically closely related. Most isolates (88%) had resistance or reduced susceptibility to antibiotics of ≥5 antibiotic classes. This resistance profile included first-line antibiotic treatments for patients with severe salmonellosis, including ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. In this outbreak, MDR Salmonella Heidelberg likely spread from sick calves to humans, emphasizing the importance of illness surveillance in animal populations to prevent future spillover of this zoonotic disease. |
Agritourism and Kidding Season: A Large Outbreak of Human Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) Infections Linked to a Goat Dairy Farm-Connecticut, 2016.
Nichols MC , Gacek P , Phan Q , Gambino-Shirley KJ , Gollarza LM , Schroeder MN , Mercante A , Mullins J , Blackstock A , Laughlin ME , Olson SM , Pizzo E , Nguyen TN , Mank L , Holmes-Talbot K , McNutt A , Noel D , Muyombwe A , Razeq JH , Lis MJ , Sherman B , Kasacek W , Whitlock L , Strockbine N , Martin H , Vidyaprakash E , McCormack P , Cartter M . Front Vet Sci 2021 8 744055 The objective of this study was to determine sources of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) infection among visitors to Farm X and develop public health recommendations. A case-control study was conducted. Case-patients were defined as the first ill child (aged <18 years) in the household with laboratory-confirmed STEC O157, or physician-diagnosed hemolytic uremic syndrome with laboratory confirmation by serology, who visited Farm X in the 10 days prior to illness. Controls were selected from Farm X visitors aged <18 years, without symptoms during the same time period as case-patients. Environment and animal fecal samples collected from Farm X were cultured; isolates from Farm X were compared with patient isolates using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Case-patients were more likely than controls to have sat on hay bales at the doe barn (adjusted odds ratio: 4.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.41-16.13). No handwashing stations were available; limited hand sanitizer was provided. Overall, 37% (29 of 78) of animal and environmental samples collected were positive for STEC; of these, 62% (18 of 29) yielded STEC O157 highly related by WGS to patient isolates. STEC O157 environmental contamination and fecal shedding by goats at Farm X was extensive. Farms should provide handwashing stations with soap, running water, and disposable towels. Access to animal areas, including animal pens and enclosures, should be limited for young children who are at risk for severe outcomes from STEC O157 infection. National recommendations should be adopted to reduce disease transmission. |
Flea market finds and global exports: Four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to small turtles, United States-2015
Gambino-Shirley K , Stevenson L , Concepcion-Acevedo J , Trees E , Wagner D , Whitlock L , Roberts J , Garrett N , Van Duyne S , McAllister G , Schick B , Schlater L , Peralta V , Reporter R , Li L , Waechter H , Gomez T , Fernandez Ordenes J , Ulloa S , Ragimbeau C , Mossong J , Nichols M . Zoonoses Public Health 2018 65 (5) 560-568 Zoonotic transmission of Salmonella infections causes an estimated 11% of salmonellosis annually in the United States. This report describes the epidemiologic, traceback and laboratory investigations conducted in the United States as part of four multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections linked to small turtles. Salmonella isolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strains were isolated from a total of 143 ill people in the United States, pet turtles, and pond water samples collected from turtle farm A, as well as ill people from Chile and Luxembourg. Almost half (45%) of infections occurred in children aged <5 years, underscoring the importance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation to keep pet turtles and other reptiles out of homes and childcare settings with young children. Although only 43% of the ill people who reported turtle exposure provided purchase information, most small turtles were purchased from flea markets or street vendors, which made it difficult to locate the vendor, trace the turtles to a farm of origin, provide education and enforce the United States federal ban on the sale and distribution of small turtles. These outbreaks highlight the importance of improving public awareness and education about the risk of Salmonella from small turtles not only in the United States but also worldwide. |
Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Virchow Infections Linked to a Powdered Meal Replacement Product - United States, 2015-2016.
Gambino-Shirley KJ , Tesfai A , Schwensohn CA , Burnett C , Smith L , Wagner JM , Eikmeier D , Smith K , Stone JP , Updike D , Hines J , Shade LN , Tolar B , Fu TJ , Viazis S , Seelman SL , Blackshear K , Wise ME , Neil KP . Clin Infect Dis 2018 67 (6) 890-896 Background: Nontyphoidal Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. Meal replacement products containing raw and 'superfood' ingredients have gained increasing popularity among consumers in recent years. In January 2016, we investigated a multistate outbreak of infections with a novel strain of Salmonella Virchow. Methods: Cases were defined using molecular subtyping procedures. Commonly reported exposures were compared with responses from healthy people interviewed in the 2006-2007 FoodNet Population Survey. Firm inspections and product traceback and testing were performed. Results: Thirty-five cases from 24 states were identified; 6 hospitalizations and no deaths were reported. Thirty-one (94%) of 33 ill people interviewed reported consuming a powdered supplement in the week before illness; of these, 30 (97%) reported consuming Product A, a raw organic powdered shake product consumed as a meal replacement. Laboratory testing isolated the outbreak strain of Salmonella Virchow from: leftover Product A collected from ill people's homes, organic moringa leaf powder (an ingredient in Product A), and finished product retained by the firm. Firm inspections at three facilities linked to Product A production did not reveal contamination at the facilities. Traceback identified that the contaminated moringa leaf powder was imported from South Africa. Conclusions: This investigation identified a novel outbreak vehicle and highlighted the potential risk with similar products not intended to be cooked by consumers before consuming. The company issued a voluntary recall of all implicated products. As this product has a long shelf-life, the recall likely prevented additional illnesses. |
State laws requiring hand sanitation stations at animal contact exhibits - United States, March-April 2016
Hoss A , Basler C , Stevenson L , Gambino-Shirley K , Robyn MP , Nichols M . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017 66 (1) 16-18 In the United States, animal contact exhibits, such as petting zoos and agricultural fairs, have been sources of zoonotic infections, including infections with Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Cryptosporidium. The National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians recommends handwashing after contact with animals as an effective prevention measure to disease transmission at these exhibits. This report provides a list of states that have used law, specifically statutes and regulations, as public health interventions to increase hand sanitation at animal contact exhibits. The report is based on an assessment conducted by CDC's Public Health Law Program, in collaboration with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases in CDC's National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. The assessment found that seven states have used statutes or regulations to require hand sanitation stations at these exhibits (5). Jurisdictions seeking to improve rates of hand sanitation at animal contact exhibits can use this report as a resource in developing their own legal interventions. |
Notes from the field: Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infections associated with goat dairy farm visits - Connecticut, 2016
Laughlin M , Gambino-Shirley K , Gacek P , Phan Q , Stevenson L , Mercante A , Mullins J , Burnworth L , Blackstock A , Razeq JH , Cartter M , Nichols M . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (5051) 1453-1454 On March 24, 2016, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) identified a cluster of seven culture-confirmed Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in patients ranging in age from 2 to 25 years. All seven patients reported bloody diarrhea; four were evaluated in an emergency department, three were hospitalized, and two developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Six of the seven patients reported visiting the same goat dairy farm in southeastern Connecticut during the week preceding illness onset. An investigation was initiated by DPH, the Connecticut Department of Agriculture, CDC, and the local health district to determine the magnitude of the outbreak, identify risk factors and potential sources of infection, and develop recommendations to prevent further illnesses. A total of 50 confirmed cases of E. coli infection were associated with the outbreak, including 47 with an epidemiologic link to the goat farm. | PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping laboratory network for foodborne disease surveillance, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to identify the outbreak strains as STEC O157. A confirmed case was defined as 1) laboratory-confirmed E. coli O157 infection with the PFGE-identified outbreak strain or 2) physician-diagnosed HUS during March–April 2016 in a person with an epidemiologic link to the goat farm. Ill farm visitors were encouraged to contact DPH through a public statement released on March 28, 2016, and were interviewed about their visit. Environmental samples were collected at the farm and cultured, and the resulting bacterial isolates were compared with patient isolates using PFGE and whole genome sequencing. Genetic relatedness of isolates was determined by high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. The 2013 Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings was used to evaluate practices at the farm (1). |
Notes from the field: Four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to small turtle exposure - United States, 2015
Gambino-Shirley K , Stevenson L , Wargo K , Burnworth L , Roberts J , Garrett N , Van Duyne S , McAllister G , Nichols M . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (25) 655-6 In August 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notified CDC of a consumer complaint involving Salmonella Sandiego infection in a child (the index patient), who had acquired a small turtle (shell length <4 inches [<10 cm]) at an Alabama flea market. The subsequent investigation, which included examining data from PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, identified four multistate Salmonella outbreaks: two involving Salmonella Sandiego and two involving Salmonella Poona. These serotypes have been linked to small turtles in previous outbreaks. Although selling small turtles as pets in the United States has been banned since 1975, illegal sales still occur at discount stores and flea markets and by street vendors. CDC investigated to determine the extent of the outbreaks and prevent additional infections. |
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